カーネルとはハードウェアとソフトウェアアプリケーションの仲立ち（インターフェイス）をするLinux OSのコアの部分。
Red Hatだと、カーネルはRPM形式でパッケージ化されており、yum（ないし、dnf）で簡単にアップグレードできる。
カーネルRPMパッケージは、次のようにサブパッケージからなる。
$ sudo rpm -qa | grep kernel kernel-tools-libs-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-core-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-modules-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-tools-5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64
各サブパッケージのバージョン一覧を表示するにはyum repoqueryコマンドを使う。
$ yum repoquery kernel-core Last metadata expiration check: 1:09:25 ago on Fri 01 Dec 2023 11:55:35 AM UTC. kernel-core-0:5.14.0-378.el9.x86_64 kernel-core-0:5.14.0-381.el9.x86_64 kernel-core-0:5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64 kernel-core-0:5.14.0-386.el9.x86_64 kernel-core-0:5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64
さらにyum repoquery -lでパッケージ内のファイルを確認できる。
$ yum repoquery -l kernel-core-0:5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 Last metadata expiration check: 1:13:28 ago on Fri 01 Dec 2023 11:55:35 AM UTC. /boot/.vmlinuz-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.hmac /boot/System.map-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 /boot/config-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 /boot/initramfs-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.img /boot/symvers-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.gz /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/.vmlinuz.hmac /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/System.map /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/config /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/modules.builtin /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/modules.builtin.modinfo /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/symvers.gz /lib/modules/5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64/vmlinuz /usr/share/licenses/kernel-core /usr/share/licenses/kernel-core/COPYING-5.14.0-388.el9
アップデート可能なモジュールがあるか確認するにはyum check-updateコマンドを使う。
$ yum check-update kernel-core Last metadata expiration check: 1:07:06 ago on Fri 01 Dec 2023 11:55:35 AM UTC. kernel-core.x86_64 5.14.0-388.el9 baseos
現状のカーネルバージョンの確認はuname -rで確認できる。
$ uname -r 5.14.0-383.el9.x86_64
カーネルサブパッケージをインストールするにはyum installとしてやればよい。
# yum install kernel-core-0:5.14.0-388.el9 Last metadata expiration check: 0:49:12 ago on Fri 01 Dec 2023 12:23:39 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing dependencies: kernel-core x86_64 5.14.0-388.el9 baseos 20 M kernel-modules-core x86_64 5.14.0-388.el9 baseos 32 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages Total download size: 53 M Installed size: 89 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 20 MB 00:04 (2/2): kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 32 MB 00:06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 7.9 MB/s | 53 MB 00:06 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 1/2 Installing : kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Running scriptlet: kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Running scriptlet: kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Running scriptlet: kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Installed: kernel-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 Complete!
カーネルをバージョンアップするにはyum update kernel-[version]コマンドを実行し、システムを再起動して変更を有効にする。
# yum update kernel-5.14.0-388.el9 Last metadata expiration check: 0:51:59 ago on Fri 01 Dec 2023 12:23:39 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing: kernel x86_64 5.14.0-388.el9 baseos 5.6 M Installing dependencies: kernel-modules x86_64 5.14.0-388.el9 baseos 38 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages Total download size: 43 M Installed size: 31 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): kernel-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.rpm 3.0 MB/s | 5.6 MB 00:01 (2/2): kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64.rpm 2.9 MB/s | 38 MB 00:13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 3.3 MB/s | 43 MB 00:13 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 1/2 Running scriptlet: kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 1/2 Installing : kernel-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Running scriptlet: kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Running: dracut -f --kver 5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 Running scriptlet: kernel-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : kernel-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 2/2 Installed: kernel-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 kernel-modules-5.14.0-388.el9.x86_64 Complete!
参考
https://users.miraclelinux.com/technet/document/linux/training/2_1_1.html#training2_1_1
